This is a cross-curricular activity that uses the story Alexander, Who Used to Be Rich Last Sunday to practice money and decimal skills in addition to reading and writing skills. After reading or hearing the story, students will complete the attached worksheet. (If it's read aloud, students would need a way to refer back to the story to answer the questions. The worksheet has a mixture of reading and math questions. It can be edited if you choose. It can be used for either 3rd or 4th grade. With slight modifications, it could also be used for middle school EL students to learn about currency.

Reading is revamped in this lesson in which students use a multimedia approach to study the books by Seymour Simon.

This lesson is the first of six in a series of close read-alouds for the text Stone Girl, Bone Girl. In this lesson, students are introduced to Mary Anning, the real-life fossil hunter. Students use the content knowledge to kick-start their study on paleontologists and fossils. This close read-aloud provides in-depth practice on multiple literacy skills, including retelling a story and identifying characters' responses to events.
During the close read-aloud, students practice looking closely at pictures and word choices when examining small sections of the text read aloud. Close read-alouds by definition are with complex texts, so the Close Read-aloud Guide provides intentional questions to help students with comprehension. For additional information on close read-alouds, see the Teaching Notes in Module 1, Unit 1, Lesson 6.
This lesson introduces students to selected response questions (SRQs). Students are introduced to multiple strategies to help them answer an SRQ in preparation for the Unit 1 Assessment. In this and future modules, students will practice these types of questions in preparation for assessments in third grade and beyond.
In the Closing, students revisit perseverance, a habit of character, and learn about a new habit of character, initiative. Students identify these two habits of character while participating in the close read-aloud of Stone Girl, Bone Girl. Students also see a more personal application while talking about new challenges in the classroom, such as SRQs.

RL.2.1: Ask and answer such questions as who, what, where, when, why, and how to demonstrate understanding of key details in a text.
RL.2.2: Recount stories, including fables and folktales from diverse cultures, and determine their central message, lesson, or moral.
RL.2.5: Describe the overall structure of a story, including describing how the beginning introduces the story and the ending concludes the action.
RL.2.7: Use information gained from the illustrations and words in a print or digital text to demonstrate understanding of its characters, setting, or plot.
W.2.8: Recall information from experiences or gather information from provided sources to answer a question.
SL.2.2: Recount or describe key ideas or details from a text read aloud or information presented orally or through other media.
L.2.4b: Determine the meaning of the new word formed when a known prefix is added to a known word (e.g., happy/unhappy, tell/retell).

In the Opening, students review these habits of character: perseverance and initiative. Having a strong understanding of these habits of character is important because students use that understanding and apply it to situations presented by the main character of the close read-aloud.
This is the third of six lessons in a series of close read-alouds of the text Stone Girl, Bone Girl. In this lesson, students learn about character responses and begin a chart to track Mary Anning's responses to challenges in her life. (RL.2.1, RL.2.2, RL.2.3, RL.2.5, RL.2.7)
In Work Time B, students practice retelling the beginning of the book (pages 1-8) to build mastery toward SL.2.2, RL.2.2, and RL.2.5. Students move from orally retelling the story to writing the retelling. Students repeat this process a few times before completing a chart for this story and the Unit 1 Assessment text.

Students begin to create their "Curiosity Museum," a collection of fossils and captions about them. This activity is meant to build engagement in the topic and deepen student exposure to fossils. Consider inviting students to bring in pictures or artifacts related to fossils to store in the museum (see the In Advance section for preparation).
This is the second of six lessons in a series of close read-alouds of the text Stone Girl, Bone Girl. In this lesson, students read the first two pages closely to understand the characters and setting. Students participate in several vocabulary exercises to understand the imagery created by the text. (RL.2.1, RL.2.2, RL.2.5, RL.2.7)
During the close read, students participate in a Language Dive conversation that guides them through the meaning of a sentence from Stone Girl, Bone Girl. The conversation invites students to unpack complex syntax--or "academic phrases"--as a necessary component of building both literacy and habits of mind. The sentence is compelling because it uses the quantifier few to signal one challenge in the main character's life. Students then apply their understanding of the structure and meaning of this sentence when retelling the first section of the book, in preparation for the Unit 1 Assessment. Invite students to discuss each chunk briefly, but slow down to focus on the highlighted structure had few friends.
Students are introduced to retelling in Work Time B, when they practice retelling the first section of the book to build mastery toward RL.2.2, RL.2.5, and SL.2.2. Because the speaking and listening standard is so closely linked to these reading standards, it has been included on the checklist for assessing students in this unit. Students continue to practice retelling in preparation for the Unit 1 Assessment.

This is the fourth of six lessons in a series of close read-alouds of the text Stone Girl, Bone Girl. In this lesson, students listen to a series of important events in the book, including meeting the Philpot sisters, exploring the Philpot sisters' house, and Pepper's death. Students also Language Dive to better understand fossils and retelling past events. (RL.2.1, RL.2.2, RL.2.3, RL.2.5, RL.2.7)
During the close read-aloud, students participate in a Language Dive conversation that guides them through the meaning of a sentence from Stone Girl, Bone Girl. The conversation invites students to unpack complex syntax--or "academic phrases"--as a necessary component of building both literacy and habits of mind. The sentence was chosen for its use of regular and irregular past tense verbs and for its connection to current and future content. Students then apply their understanding of the structure and meaning of this sentence when thinking about the Unit 1 guiding question, "What do paleontologists do?" and in retelling using regular and irregular past tense verbs in preparation for the Unit 1 Assessment. Invite students to discuss each chunk briefly, but slow down to focus on the highlighted structure that the fossils were the remains.
In Work Time B, students practice orally retelling a portion of the middle of the book to build mastery toward SL.2.2, RL.2.2, and RL.2.5. Students continue to practice retelling in preparation for the Unit 1 Assessment.
In Work Time C, students complete written answers after listening to a portion of the text read aloud. The writing focuses on an event (Pepper's death) and Mother's response to that event (selling their goods). This writing exercise reinforces student understanding of character response in a text. (W.2.8)

This is the final lesson in a series of close read-alouds of the text Stone Girl, Bone Girl. In this lesson, students listen to how Mary found her biggest fossil and became a famous fossil hunter. (RL.2.1, RL.2.2, RL.2.3, RL.2.5, RL.2.7)
Students participate in two culminating tasks for the read-aloud: How Mary uses a habit of character to respond to challenge and a written retelling of the beginning, middle and end of Stone Girl, Bone Girl. These activities provide important data on student progress toward the standards being assessed in the Unit 1 Assessment. The unit assessment takes place in Lessons 8-9 to monitor students' ability to independently retell important events in a story and identify a character's response to an event. (W.2.8, SL.2.2)
In the Closing, students revisit one of the Unit 1 guiding questions: How does a character respond to major events? After working closely with this focus question in the close read-aloud, students can apply their ideas to future work and texts read in class during the module.

Students are introduced to the module guiding questions, which include how the world's freshwater is threatened, in Work Time B. Be aware that some may connect with this topic personally and deeply. Monitor students and determine whether there are any issues surfacing that need to be discussed in more detail as a whole group, in smaller groups, independently, or with families. Students' feelings may be personal, and they are not required to share them.
In Work Time A, students participate in the Infer the Topic protocol to familiarize themselves with the module topic using resources from the texts they will be reading throughout the module (RI.3.1, W.3.8, SL.3.1). They continue to build on the foundations of inferring the topic as they are introduced to the performance task and the module guiding questions in Work Time B.
In Work Time C, students hear a read-aloud of Water Dance and determine the meaning of unfamiliar vocabulary (RL.3.4, L.3.4). This text is meant to engage students in the topic with poetry and illustrations and to allow practice determining the central message (RL.3.2).
Students begin a class KWEL chart in the Closing. The process of adding to the chart will be repeated in later lessons. Pay careful attention to the routine in this lesson to apply it in subsequent lessons.
In this lesson, students focus on working to become effective learners as they concentrate on a characteristic of their choice.

In this lesson, students participate in the Infer the Topic protocol by engaging with the texts they will read throughout the module (RL.5.1, W.5.8, SL.5.1).
Be aware that human rights threats and the events of Esperanza Rising may be sensitive for students. Reflection time is provided during lessons and for homework to give students and families an opportunity to process connections they make. Be aware that these connections may be personal and students are not required to share them.
In Work Time B, students generate a Discussion Norms anchor chart. Ensure that all of the cues and responses suggested on the Discussion Norms anchor chart (example, for teacher reference) are added, as these will support students in having productive and equitable discussions that will deepen their understanding (SL.5.1).
In this lesson, students do not collect new vocabulary independently. New vocabulary is collected on the Academic Word Wall. Students are introduced to their vocabulary logs in Lesson 4, where they will collect vocabulary from the texts they read.
During all interaction, be aware that partnering with, looking at, talking with, or touching the opposite gender may be uncomfortable and inappropriate for some students. In addition, some students may believe it is inappropriate to speak with other students of either gender at all during class. Let students know that in the United States, speaking with a peer of either gender when the teacher gives the signal is appropriate, and it is one way that students can become independent learners and develop their content knowledge and language ability. At the same time, tell them you respect their needs, and if necessary, seek alternative arrangements for students according to their cultural traditions.
This lesson is the first in a series of two that include built-out instruction for strategic use of the Think-Pair-Share protocol to promote productive and equitable conversation.
This lesson uses cold calling, calling on students without them volunteering, as a total participation technique. Be aware that cold calling may be unfamiliar or embarrassing for some students. Prepare students and their families by telling them that cold calling in the United States is common and is a protocol that helps to ensure that all student voices are heard and respected. The protocol also provides the teacher with one way to assess what students know.

Throughout this module, students revisit the module guiding questions introduced in this lesson: "How do writers capture a reader's imagination?" and "What can we learn from reading literary classics?"
In this lesson, students participate in the Infer the Topic protocol to familiarize themselves with the module topic, using resources from the texts they will be reading throughout the module (RL.3.1, W.3.8, SL.3.1).
In Work Time C, students begin reading Peter Pan retold by Tania Zamorsky. The routine of reading aloud as students follow along silently in their heads, and then recounting the chapter will be repeated (with gradual release) in each lesson until students have finished reading the book in Unit 2. Pay careful attention to the routines in this lesson in order to apply them to subsequent lessons.
In this module, a literary classic is defined as a story that was written a long time ago but is still enjoyed today. It is important students understand that one person's idea of a literary classic might be different from someone else's because there are no set rules about what a literary classic is.
Ensure students understand that they are reading Peter Pan as an example of a literary classic and that we can learn things about different time periods in history through reading literary classics. Also ensure that they understand the importance of studying these classics so they can learn from the narrative techniques used.
It is important to be sensitive to students' and families' feelings and experiences with regard to literary classics in the U.S., such as Peter Pan--feelings that may range from very positive to somewhat neutral to very negative. Some people love the adventure, the characters, and the descriptive writing; others find the racism and sexism offensive--for example, the way Mrs. Darling stays at home and looks after duties there while Mr. Darling goes out to work--and also the descriptions of "Indians." These issues are discussed more in the next lesson through an informational context text, but it is important to be prepared to handle them sensitively should they arise.
After reading each chapter, students have time to reflect. Monitor your students and determine whether issues are surfacing that need to be discussed in more detail as a whole group, in smaller groups, or independently.
ELL supports within the Meeting Students' Needs column have changed. Each support is labeled and fully explained the first time it is used, then labeled and condensed in subsequent lessons (see the Unit 1 Overview).
Note that the Mini Language Dive format has changed to reflect a more student-centered approach (see the module overview).
Beginning in this lesson and throughout much of Units 1-2, students are asked to follow along silently as you read the text aloud or to read chorally as a class or with partners. This builds their fluent reading skills. In this lesson, students follow along, reading silently in their heads as the teacher reads Chapter 1 of Peter Pan aloud during Work Time C.
This lesson is the first in a series of three that include built-out instruction for the use of Goal 4 Conversation Cues. Conversation Cues are questions teachers can ask students to promote productive and equitable conversation (adapted from Michaels, Sarah and O'Connor, Cathy. Talk Science Primer. Cambridge, MA: TERC, 2012. Based on Chapin, S., O'Connor, C., and Anderson, N. [2009]. Classroom Discussions: Using Math Talk to Help Students Learn, Grades K-6. Second Edition. Sausalito, CA: Math Solutions Publications). Goal 4 Conversation Cues encourage students to think with other students to expand the conversation. Continue drawing on Goals 1-3 Conversation Cues, introduced in Modules 1-2, and add Goal 4 Conversation Cues throughout Modules 3-4 to more strategically promote productive and equitable conversation. Refer to the Tools page for additional information on Conversation Cues. Consider providing students with a thinking journal or scrap paper. Examples of the Goal 4 Conversation Cues you will see in the remaining modules are (with expected responses):
To encourage students to compare ideas:
Teacher: "How is what _____said the same as/different from what _____ said? I'll give you time to think and write."
Student: "_____ said _____. That's different from what _____ said because _____."

To encourage students to agree or disagree and explain why:
Teacher: "Do you agree or disagree with what your classmate said? Why? I'll give you time to think and write."
Student: "I agree/disagree because _____."

To encourage students to add on to others' ideas:
Teacher: "Who can add on to what your classmate said? I'll give you time to think and write."
Student: "I think that _____."

To encourage students to explain others' ideas:
Teacher: "Who can explain why your classmate came up with that response? I'll give you time to think and write."
Student: "I think what she's saying is _____."

Note that Goal 4 Conversation Cues are not built into the Discussion Norms anchor chart, as these cues are best suited for teachers facilitating student conversations.

In this lesson, students read pages 4-22, "Las Uvas," in Esperanza Rising and as a whole group identify how the structure of the chapter contributes to the overall story (RL.5.1, RL.5.5).
In triads, students then research one of three topics to build background knowledge about the historical setting of Esperanza Rising. Working in expert groups allows small groups to engage in an effective, time-efficient comprehension of a broader topic because students become an expert in one topic and hear oral summaries of the others to gain an understanding of the broader topic.
This lesson is the first in a series of three that include built-out instruction for the use of Goal 1 Conversation Cues. Conversation Cues are questions teachers can ask students to promote productive and equitable conversation (adapted from Michaels, Sarah and O'Connor, Cathy. Talk Science Primer. Cambridge, MA: TERC, 2012. Based on Chapin, S., O'Connor, C., and Anderson, N. [2009]. Classroom Discussions: Using Math Talk to Help Students Learn, Grades K-6. Second Edition. Sausalito, CA: Math Solutions Publications). Goal 1 Conversation Cues encourage all students to talk and be understood. As the modules progress, Goal 2, 3, and 4 Conversation Cues are gradually introduced. See the Tools page for the complete set of cues. Consider providing students with a thinking journal or scrap paper. Examples of the Goal 1 Conversation Cues you will see in the next two units are (with expected responses):
After any question that requires thoughtful consideration:
"I'll give you time to think and write or sketch."

"I'll give you time to discuss this with a partner."

To help students share, expand, and clarify thoughts:
"Can you say more about that?"

"Sure. I think that _____."

"Can you give an example?"

"OK. One example is _____."

"So, do you mean _____?"

"You've got it./No, sorry, that's not what I mean. I mean _____."

Note that Goal 1 Conversation Cues (and expected student responses) were built into the Discussion Norms anchor chart in Lesson 1. Conversation Cues and discussion norms are similar in that they seek to foster productive and collaborative conversation. Furthermore, Conversation Cues aim to ensure equitable conversation by gradually building student capacity to become productive, collaborative participants. Goal 1 Conversation Cues focus on the fundamentals of encouraging students to talk and be understood. Goals 2-4 take students to deeper levels of conversation, from listening to others, to deepening their thinking, to thinking with others.
Students practice their fluency in this lesson by following along and reading silently in their heads as the teacher reads pages 4-22 of Esperanza Rising aloud during Opening A.
In this lesson, the habit of character focus is on working to become an ethical person. The characteristic that students practice is respect, as volunteers share out personal reflections on what happened in Esperanza Rising.
The research reading that students complete for homework will help build both their vocabulary and knowledge pertaining to human rights. By participating in this volume of reading over a span of time, students will develop a wide base of knowledge about the world and the words that help describe and make sense of it.

In this lesson, students participate in the Infer the Topic protocol to familiarize themselves with the module topic, using resources from the texts they will be reading throughout the module (RI.3.1, W.3.8, SL.3.1).
Throughout this module, students will revisit the module guiding questions introduced in this lesson. It is important to be sensitive to students' and families' feelings and experiences with regard to education, books, and reading and to acknowledge that these feelings and experiences may differ greatly, from very positive to somewhat neutral to very negative. This issue is discussed more in the next lesson, but it is important to be prepared to handle it sensitively should it arise. The main point students should understand by the end of this module is that education, books, and reading are important for college and career readiness, and that is the reason for the emphasis on education, books, and reading in this module. Students reflect on the module guiding questions at home with their families.
This lesson is the first of two that include built-out instruction for strategic use of the Think-Pair-Share protocol to promote productive and equitable conversation.
During all interaction, be aware that partnering with, looking at, talking with, or touching the opposite gender may be uncomfortable and inappropriate for students from other cultures. In addition, some students may believe it is inappropriate to speak with other students at all during class. Let them know that in the United States, speaking with a peer of either gender when the teacher gives the signal is appropriate, and it is one way that students can become independent learners and develop their content knowledge and language ability. At the same time, tell them you respect their needs, and if necessary, seek alternative arrangements for students according to their cultural traditions.
This lesson uses cold calling, or calling on students without them volunteering, as a total participation technique. Be aware that cold calling may be unfamiliar or embarrassing to some students. Prepare students and their families by telling them that cold calling in the United States is common and is a protocol that helps to ensure that all student voices are heard and respected. The protocol also provides the teacher with one way to assess what students know.
This lesson uses total participation techniques for quick response questions. Some common total participation techniques include cold calling, selecting volunteers, and using equity sticks (a stick or card for each student in the class).

Different approaches to teaching the reading comprehension strategy of inferring in K-5 classrooms are identified in this article. The article appears in the free, online magazine Beyond Weather and the Water Cycle, which is structured around the essential principles of climate science.

In this lesson, students analyze model programs and a model Directors' Note to understand the format of these texts. They read the model Directors' Note for gist and use it to begin planning their monologue group's Directors' Note as part of the module performance task (RI.5.4, W.5.2, W.5.4, W.5.8, SL.5.1, L.5.4).
Consider that some students may be able to rely on background knowledge about plays and theater when discussing the programs and Directors' Notes. Spend extra time contextualizing these concepts if necessary. Display photographs or brief videos of plays and directors working with actors. Also consider inviting students to share experiences with plays and theater in their home languages and cultures.
The Opening of this lesson is designed for students to use internet sources as texts. If the technology necessary for students to complete the reading is unavailable, provide them with a printed copy of the texts.
In the Closing, students generate criteria for reading fluency on the Fluent Readers Do These Things anchor chart in preparation for Part III of the End of Unit 3 assessment and performing their monologues as part of the module performance task (RF.5.4).
This lesson focuses on the following habits of character: working to contribute to a better world and working to become effective learners. The characteristics that students are reminded of in this lesson are: apply my learning when discussing the module performance task and perseverance before reading the model Directors' Note.
Students practice their fluency in this lesson by following along and reading silently as the teacher reads the model Directors' Note in Work Time A and by developing criteria for fluent reading in the Closing.
The research reading that students complete for homework will help build both their vocabulary and knowledge pertaining to human rights. By participating in this volume of reading over a span of time, students will develop a wide base of knowledge about the world and the words that help describe and make sense of it.

In this lesson, students use their research from Lessons 8-9 to write a draft of their Directors' Note with their monologue group (W.5.2, W.5.4, W.5.5, W.5.8).
In Work Time B, students are guided through a research reading share. Consider using the Independent Reading: Sample Plan if you do not have your own independent reading review routines. This review is designed to hold students accountable for their research reading completed for homework. This volume of reading promotes students' growing ability to read a variety of literary and informational texts independently and proficiently (RI.5.10, RL.5.10, SL.5.1).
This lesson focuses on the following habits of character: working to become effective learners and working to become ethical people. The characteristics students are reminded of in this lesson are: collaboration, as they work with their groups to write their Directors' Note, and taking initiative, prior to sharing their independent reading.
In the Closing, students practice reading their monologues in preparation for Part III of the End of Unit 3 Assessment and the performance task (RF.5.4).
The research reading that students complete for homework will help build both their vocabulary and knowledge pertaining to human rights. By participating in this volume of reading over a span of time, students will develop a wide base of knowledge about the world and the words that help describe and make sense of it.

In this lesson, students continue to research and gather evidence for their monologue group's Directors' Note. They research issues related to human rights, select a right that their issue fits under, and learn about how the issue impacts people today (W.5.2, W.5.8). Specific examples of current issues have not been provided in this lesson, as situations can change very quickly. To ensure the content students are researching is up-to-date, websites that describe current threats to human rights have been suggested and will need to be reviewed in advance to identify the issues and the specific web pages that align with the threats to human rights students have highlighted in their monologues (see Technology and Multimedia).
This lesson is designed for students to use internet sources as texts. If the technology necessary for students to complete the reading is unavailable, consider providing them with a printed copy of the texts.
At the end of the lesson, students practice reading their monologues in preparation for Part III of the End of Unit 3 Assessment and the performance task (RF.5.4).
This lesson focuses on the following habits of character: working to become ethical people and working to become effective learners. The characteristics that students are reminded of in this lesson are: respect when sharing ideas during a whole class discussion and perseverance before reading internet research.
The research reading that students complete for homework will help build both their vocabulary and knowledge pertaining to human rights. By participating in this volume of reading over a span of time, students will develop a wide base of knowledge about the world and the words that help describe and make sense of it.

In this lesson, students reread "Rainforests and Why They Are Important" to determine the main idea and describe the structure. Working in pairs, students use a graphic organizer to record their thinking about the structure of the text and plan a summary of it. Students then work as a class to write a shared summary of the text (RI.5.1, RI.5.2, RI.5.4, RI.5.5, W.5.8).
In Work Time B, students participate in a modified Rank-Talk-Write protocol to determine the main idea of "Rainforests and Why They Are Important" (RI.5.2, SL.5.1b).
This lesson is designed for students to use an internet source as a text. If the technology necessary for students to complete the reading is unavailable, give students a printed copy of the text.
Students practice their fluency in this lesson by following along and reading silently as the teacher reads "Rainforests and Why They Are Important" in Work Time A.
The research reading students complete for homework helps to build both their vocabulary and knowledge pertaining to the rainforest. By participating in this volume of reading over a span of time, students will develop a wide base of knowledge about the world and the words that help describe and make sense of it.
In this lesson, the habit of character focus is working to become an effective learner. The characteristic students are reminded of specifically is collaboration, as they work in pairs.
Continue to use Goals 1 and 2 Conversation Cues to promote productive and equitable conversation.

The lesson begins with a rereading of "The Milliner" from Colonial Voices: Hear Them Speak. This is meant to focus students on the Loyalist perspective to provide a purpose for reading more about Loyalists in the rest of the lesson.
In Work Time A, students read a new informational text, "Loyalists," for gist and unfamiliar Vocabulary in preparation for using it to research information in response to a question in Work Time B (RI.4.3, W.4.8). They also analyze the structure of the text (RI.4.5).
In Closing and Assessment A, students synthesize their reading about Loyalists in an informational paragraph (RI.4.1, W.4.9b). The elements of writing a paragraph are reviewed from Modules 1-2, specifically producing complete sentences (L.4.1f) and using commas and quotation marks to mark quotations from a text (L.4.2b).
In this lesson, students focus on working to become effective learners by collaborating in pairs.
For students who finish quickly and need an additional challenge, invite them to reread "Revolutionary War, Part I" and to add research notes from that resource.